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Robert Keith Leavitt (1895–1967) was a Harvard-educated New York City advertising copywriter who turned to non-fiction writing. He was the author of many books, including a history of ''Webster's Dictionary'' and "The Chip on Grandma's Shoulder" (1954.) 'Bob' Leavitt was also the longtime historian of the original Baker Street Irregulars, devoted to all things Holmesian, about which he wrote in his "The Origins of 221B Worship."〔(''The Origin of 221B Worship, Sherlock Holmes by Gas-lamp: Highlights from the First Four Decades of the Baker Street Journal'', Philip A. Shreffler, Fordham University Press, 1989, ISBN 0-8232-1221-1, ISBN 978-0-8232-1221-7 )〕 == Background == Leavitt was born on August 20, 1895 in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Dr. Robert Greenleaf Leavitt, a Harvard-trained botanist, researcher, author and later college and high school teacher, and his wife Janet.〔(Secretary's Report, Harvard College Class of 1889, No. IV, Edward W. Wheeler, Cambridge, Mass., 1901 )〕 Dubbed "the fiscal Holmes" by another member of the Baker Street Irregulars,〔Irregular Records of the Early 'forties: An Archival History of the Baker Street Irregulars, page 22, January 1941-March 1944, Jon L. Lellenberg, Edgar Wadsworth Smith, Baker Street Irregulars, Jon L. Lellenberg, Edgar Wadsworth Smith, Published by Baker Street Irregulars, 1991〕 Robert Keith Leavitt showed an early aptitude for ferreting out information. He attended the State Model School in Trenton, New Jersey, where his father was teaching, and graduated from Harvard College in 1917. Shortly afterwards, Leavitt joined the armed forces as 2nd Lieutenant in the 302nd Infantry, where he commanded the Prisoners of War Escort Company 223, with custody of 425 German prisoners.〔(Thirtieth Anniversary, Harvard College Class of 1889, Eighth Report of the Class Secretary, June 1919 )〕 After the war Leavitt returned home, and found work writing copy for a New York City advertising agency. He spent 13 years in advertising, including a stint as Secretary-Treasurer of the Association of National Advertisers, before turning to a career as a freelance writer. From the beginning Leavitt focused on historical, offbeat subjects. He wrote for a range of publications, including a 1933 article for ''Business Week'' – during the height of the Depression – on'' What we shall sell when the upturn comes – and to whom?'' 〔''Business Week'' magazine, 1933, page 27, McGraw Hill, New York〕 Leavitt sold articles to many publications, including ''Forum and Century'', ''Advertising and Selling'', ''The American Magazine'', ''Forbes'' and others. In 1946 he wrote a 66-page booklet entitled ''Your Pay Envelope – and how it gets that way''. To make ends meet, Leavitt wrote corporate histories, including that of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, and he wrote for publications of the Great Northern Railway. The former copywriter also continued to dabble in advertising and public relations. The corporate biographies Leavitt wrote to garner a paycheck included titles like ''Prologue to Tomorrow: A History of the First Hundred Years in the Life of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company'' (1950); ''Goods Roads'' about the General Motors Overseas operations (1949); ''Foundation for the Future: History of the Stanley Works'' for Stanley Tools (1951); and 1954's ''Life at Tung-Sol 1904–1954: An Informal Story of the First Half-century of Tung-Sol Electric Inc.'' Leavitt also found time to produce books on lighter subjects, notably ''The Chip on Grandma's Shoulder'', a memoir about his Maine grandmother Susan C. (Blazo) Keith,〔(A Letter from East Stoughton, Stoughton Historical Society, stoughtonhistory.com )〕 published by J. B. Lippincott in 1954, and ''Common Sense About Fund Raising'' (Stratford Press, 1949). But the book for which Leavitt is remembered is ''Noah's Ark, New England Yankees, and the Endless Quest: A Short History of the Original Webster Dictionaries, with Particular Reference to Their First Hundred Years as Publications of G. & C. Merriam Company''. Although a corporate history—published by G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts in 1947 -- ''Noah's Ark'' explores the history of Noah Webster and his competitor Joseph Emerson Worcester. The book's first half examines Webster's life and lexicography; the second half etches the "War of the Dictionaries", the struggle for supremacy between Webster's and his competitor Worcester's dictionaries. Leavitt laid out the history of Webster's publishing house after its eponymous title was sold to the Merriam family (today's Merriam-Webster).〔(''Noah Webster and the American Dictionary'', David Micklethwait, Published by McFarland, 2005, ISBN 0-7864-2157-6, ISBN 978-0-7864-2157-2 )〕 In ''Noah's Ark'' Leavitt plumbed the shoals of international lexicography and usage. "In considering the influence of Webster's American Dictionary outside the United States", writes David Micklethwait in ''Noah Webster and the American Dictionary'', "Leavitt says that Webster was 'increasingly the arbiter of definitions in British life', until the appearance of John Ogilvie's ''Imperial Dictionary'' in 1850, 'itself largely indebted to the American source.'"〔(Noah Webster and the American Dictionary, David Micklethwait, Published by McFarland, 2005, ISBN 0-7864-2157-6, ISBN 978-0-7864-2157-2 )〕 Leavitt's work remains the definitive history of Noah Webster and his legacy.〔(After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture, Joseph J. Ellis, W. W. Norton & Company, 2002, ISBN 0-393-32233-5, ISBN 978-0-393-32233-0 )〕 When not writing articles and books, Leavitt indulged his passion for Sherlock Holmes, helping found, with his friend Christopher Morley, the Baker Street Irregulars, an informal group of Arthur Conan Doyle devotees. Records do not reflect when the author's affinity for Sherlock Holmes began, but his works show he was a close reader of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's oeuvre.〔(Robert Keith Leavitt in Morley's Studio, Photo, The Standard Doyle Company: Christopher Morley on Sherlock Holmes, Christopher Morley, Steven Rothman, Fordham University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-8232-1292-0, ISBN 978-0-8232-1292-7 )〕 It was in Leavitt's writings as historian of the Irregulars that he seemed most at home, his imagination prowling Arthur Conan Doyle's intricate plots, sniffing for clues about the Scottish-born author and his fictional sleuth. In an article entitled ''Annie Oakley in Baker Street'', for instance, Leavitt examined Sherlock Holmes's choice of handgun: Leavitt theorized from Doyle's description that Holmes's sidearm was a Webley Metropolitan Police Model, with 2½-inch barrel – the smallest handgun available, and subject to concealment without a holster.〔(''Ms. Holmes of Baker Street: The Truth about Sherlock'', C. Alan Bradley, William Antony S. Sarjeant, University of Alberta, 2004, ISBN 0-88864-415-9, ISBN 978-0-88864-415-2 )〕 The voracious Leavitt mined Holmes's adventures for monographs of his own. He authored ''The Curious Matter of the Anonymous Latin Epitaph'', ''The Cardboard Box'' and others. In an essay in ''The Baker Street Journal'', the Baker Street Irregulars's periodical,〔The Baker Street Irregulars began publishing ''The Baker Street Journal'', "an irregular quarterly of Sherlockiana", in 1946.〕 Leavitt thought fit to question the marksmanship of the revered detective. In ''Annie Oakley in Baker Street'', Leavitt claimed that Dr. Watson's revolver shot had toppled the villain Tonga from the deck of the ''Aurora'' into the River Thames, and not Holmes's. In another piece Leavitt explored the hazy question of whether Dr. Arthur Watson had remarried.〔(''In Bed with Sherlock Holmes: Sexual Elements in Arthur Conan Doyle's Stories of the Great Detective'', Christopher Redmond, Published by Dundurn Press Ltd., 1984, ISBN 0-88924-142-2, ISBN 978-0-88924-142-8 )〕 Leavitt was a frequent contributor to ''The Baker Street Journal'', published by Ben Abramson, proprietor of Manhattan's Argus Book Shop and a Holmes aficionado, who published musings of the best-known Sherlockians. Within the close-knit Irregulars, Leavitt was known for his expertise in ballistics,〔(The Standard Doyle Company: Christopher Morley on Sherlock Holmes, by Christopher Morley, Steven Rothman, Fordham University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-8232-1292-0, ISBN 978-0-8232-1292-7 )〕 optics and finances, sometimes combining them to examine the deeds of Conan Doyle's legendary hero. When not writing about Holmes, Leavitt chose the company of friends like fellow Baker Street Irregulars Christopher Morley and Elmer Davis,〔Don't Let Them Scare You: The Life and Times of Elmer Davis, by Roger Burlingame, published by Lippincott, 1961, p.10〕 as well as other writers, reporters, advertising men and artists of the day. Leavitt had an only brother, Russell Greenleaf Leavitt, who graduated from Harvard College in 1917, and who subsequently received a deferment from the military for poor eyesight. But Russell Leavitt joined the U.S. Navy and eventually wangled an assignment driving an ambulance for the U.S. Army Ambulance Corps during the First World War.〔(Harvard Alumni Bulletin, Vol. XX, Number 1, Harvard Alumni Association, Harvard Bulletin Inc., Boston, Mass., 1917 )〕 Russell Leavitt drove his ambulance on the front lines for 11 months, piloting his vehicle at Verdun and Flanders, and eventually serving in the Chemical Warfare Service Laboratory at Paris.〔(Harvard College Class of 1889, Thirtieth Anniversary, 1889-1919, Eighth Report of the Class Secretary, June, 1919 )〕 In a piece called ''The Christmas Miracle'', Bob Leavitt recalled tramping through the small Massachusetts town of Stoughton on Christmas Eve at age six with his father Robert and brother Russell, searching for a Christmas tree. Leavitt's father stopped periodically and cut several tiny balsam seedlings. "Our father was a botanist Ph.D., given to plucking all manner of specimens wherever we walked, with the offhand explanation, A fine Tsuga canadensis'', or whatever it was," Leavitt wrote. 'By nightfall we had forgotten all about the walk." At home that evening, wondering about their tree, the two boys were shown a jar of earth devoid of plant life. If they sang 'O Little Town of Bethlehem' particularly well, their mother told them, the trees might grow. The youngsters left the room, and began to sing. When they looked again, the seedlings had grown a foot. They repaired to the other room and sang some more. When they came back, the trees had grown again. "We went out and tried harder on that song," wrote Leavitt, "and when we re-entered the sitting room, the Tree had grown to perhaps a foot or so in height.... We went out and tried harder on that song. And sure enough this Time the tree was taller than either boy.... To this day I cannot hear 'O Little Town of Bethlehem,' from however cracked a curbside organ, without hearing through and beyond it the clear, true voice of my mother."〔(The Christmas Miracle, Robert Keith Leavitt, Christmas: A Time for Family, Lois L. Kaufman, Illustrated by Barbara Chiantia, Peter Pauper Press, Inc., 1998, ISBN 0-88088-403-7, ISBN 978-0-88088-403-7 )〕 Bob Leavitt died at Scarsdale, New York, in 1967. He was 72. His botanist father had died in 1942 while walking in Parsonsfield, Maine. His mother, Janet (Shumway) Leavitt, died of pneumonia in 1902 when Leavitt was seven. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Keith Leavitt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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